Connectives & Conjunctions

Together we stand, divided we fall – a prevalent quote that has benefitted all of us in different walks of life. It follows in Grammar also. We need words or phrases to join sentences so that they can be more powerful and meaningful. [ihc-hide-content ihc_mb_type="show" ihc_mb_who="4" ihc_mb_template="3"] Consider these sentences God made the country and man-made the town. God made the country. Man-made the town. Which one do you prefer? Both the sentences are grammatically correct, but when it comes to compactness and connection between the sentences, we would prefer the first sentence as it is more meaningful. Here the word which makes the sentence look good is AND, which in grammatical terms is a type of CONNECTIVE. Now, what is a CONNECTIVE? A CONNECTIVE is a word that joins one part of a sentence to another. It is of different types, and the purpose of words or ideas to be connected will determine the kind of connective used. The above table describes connectives in three types: Prepositions Adverbs Conjunctions Prepositions A PREPOSITION is a word or group of words that can be used before a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to show direction, time, place, location. Some examples of prepositions are: in, on, of, for, at, over, above, beneath, about, before, etc Types of Prepositions Preposition of Place Preposition of Time Preposition of Direction Preposition of Location Preposition of Place: - For referring to a place, we can use prepositions like in, at, on, inside, etc. For referring to a higher or lower point, we should use prepositions like over, above, below, under, etc. A few examples are: They are meeting in the conference hall. The cat is hiding behind the wardrobe. The bird flew over the house. There is a hard surface beneath the carpet. Herein, behind, over, beneath are some of the prepositions used to determine the place. Preposition of Time - For referring to one point in time, we can use prepositions like in, at, on. For referring to extended time, we can use prepositions like since, for, by, during, etc. Here are some examples: He completed his homework in the evening. He will be in Delhi for ten days. He eats dinner at sharp 9 p.m. In, for, at are some examples of prepositions of time. Preposition of Direction- For referring to directions, we use prepositions like to, in, into, on, onto. Here’s an example to understand it more clearly. Radha drove to the grocery store. Here it tells us the direction of driving with the help of a proposition. Preposition of Location - To refer to a location, we use prepositions like in, at, on, etc. Here’s an example mentioned: They live in the countryside. Here ‘in’ describes the location as an area with the help of prepositions. That’s an end to Prepositions. Now, let’s start with Adverbs. An ADVERB helps to describe, change or add more information to the verb in a sentence. So, an adverb is added in a sentence so that it can describe what the word is doing or add more meaning to the verb of the sentence. There are three types of adverbs. Adverb of Manner Adverb of Place Adverb of Time Adverb of Manner: An adverb of manner describes how a verb is acting. It shows the state of emotion of the verb. There is an easy way to identify these adverbs. Usually, adverbs end with -ly such as quietly, politely, quickly, happily, etc. Consider these examples They fought bravely. The child slept soundly. Here bravely, soundly are the adverbs of manner. Adverb of Place: An adverb of place describes the place where the action or something related to the verb happened. These adverbs can refer to directions, distances, or relative position of an object such as above, here, there, forward, backward, etc. Consider these examples: The little lamb followed Mary everywhere. He looked up. Here everywhere and up are a few examples of adverbs of place. These words indicate the exact place of action. Adverb of Time: Adverb of time tells when and at what time, how long and how frequently did the action take place. Basically, it is an indicator of the time. Have a look at these sentences: I have heard this before. I have spoken to him already. He comes here daily. Here before, already, daily are a few examples of the adverb of time. Some more examples of adverbs of time are hourly, daily, today, next week, soon, recently, etc. Look at these sentences: I want to dance. I am sick. She is kind. She is beautiful. What if we write the above sentences differently? I want to dance, but I am sick. She is kind and beautiful. Which one do you prefer? Yes, the simpler one. I want to dance, but I am sick. She is kind and beautiful. Okay. So, did you notice any differences and similarities between the two sentences? The latter sentences are more compact and understandable. But why is it so? The answer is because they are connected by and, but. Now, the question arises of what these words are and what they do. Conjunctions CONJUNCTIONS are words used for joining words, sentences, and a group of words. Different types of conjunctions join different grammatical structures and sentences. Some common conjunctions are and, but, for, or, yet, so, because, nor, etc. There is a cheat code or shortcut to remember some commonly used conjunctions - FANBOY. Where: F-FOR A-AND N-NOR B-BUT O-OR Y-YET Some examples from these conjunctions are: Rahul and Pritam are good bowlers. The man is poor but honest. She must have been tired, for she slept early. Would you prefer tea or coffee? He is old, yet he still wakes up early, runs and exercises daily. I was hungry, so I ordered pizza in the evening. I regularly exercise because it is healthy. Akash could not complete his homework, nor did he reach the school on time. Here, and, but, for, or, yet, so, because, nor are few examples of conjunctions. Now, we know what a conjunction is and how to use it in sentences. Let’s talk about different types of conjunctions: Correlative Conjunctions These conjunctions work in pairs to join words, sentences and phrases that hold equal value and correlate with each other. We are familiar with many correlative conjunctions such as either-or, neither-nor, both-and, whether, etc. Here are some examples: Either take it or leave it. We both love and honour him. Rita doesn’t care whether you go or stay. Did you notice that whenever we use correlative conjunctions, each of the correlated words should be placed immediately before the words connected; as, He visited not only Jaipur but also Ladakh. (CORRECT) He not only visited Jaipur, but also Ladakh. (INCORRECT) Now, we know what correlative conjunction is, and we will easily identify it in future. Coordinating Conjunctions These conjunctions are used in joining the same type of grammatical units. The sentences contain two independent statements or two statements of equal rank or importance. Some common coordinating conjunctions are: and, or, but, for, nor, so, etc. Let’s see some sentences with coordinating conjunctions Radha and Ramesh went for the show. Here and is connecting two independent sentences: Radha went for the show. Ramesh went for the show. Similarly, some more examples for better clarification are He is slow but hardworking. You should leave for the airport, or you will miss the flight. An important point to note here is that any of the coordinating conjunctions except for or, nor may be omitted, and its place can be taken by comma, semi-colon; as, Rajesh went for football; Hari stayed to complete his homework. That’s an end to the coordinating conjunctions. Subordinating Conjunctions These conjunctions can be found in sentences containing two clauses: independent or main clause and a dependent clause. We used a word here CLAUSE. We won’t be discussing this here, but in simple words, it means a group of words containing a subject and predicate and has two parts: an independent clause and a dependent clause. An independent clause works independently to form meaningful sentences and looks much like a regular sentence. A dependent clause cannot function on its own as it has the functionality to leave an idea or thought unfinished. Let’s come back to Subordinate Conjunctions. Subordinate Conjunctions join one clause to another on which it depends for its complete meaning. Chief Subordinate Conjunctions are: whereas, because, if, though, while, etc. Here are some examples for our better understanding: She slept the whole day because she was ill. Let’s go for a run while there is light outside. Rama is brave, whereas Hansa is a coward. Citations : [citationic styles="apa,mla,chicago,harvard,vancouver,ieee"] Power Words : Prevalent Correlative Clause Referring Independent Functionality Latter Coordinating Familiar Predicate Critical thinking challenge question : 1. Try to list as many connectives and conjunctions you know and make sentences from each of them. 2. What is your understanding of connectives? Explain in your words. Watch this video for further learning : [presto_player id=11071] [presto_player id=11072] [quiz-cat id="11070"] Are you ready to solve the puzzle? Start Puzzle [/ihc-hide-content] Hashtags : #GPSforLifeAndCareer #ConsciousIntelligence #Kidswiki #MindInTheMaking #RelevanceInEducation #MeaningfulLearning #RealWorldSkills #SafeContent #360DegreeDevelopment #Skillioma #BeyondCurriculum #SkillsBeyondSchool

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